Edema - Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatments

Edema is observable swelling from fluid accumulationserious underlying disease and must be immediately
in body tissues. Edema most commonly occurs in theevaluated by a doctor.
feet and legs, where it is referred to as peripheralDiagnosis
edema. The swelling is the result of the accumulationA doctor diagnoses altitude illness based mainly on
of excess fluid under the skin in the spaces withinthe symptoms. In high-altitude pulmonary edema, fluid
the tissues. All tissues of the body are made up ofcan sometimes be heard in the lungs through a
cells and connective tissues that hold the cellsstethoscope. An x-ray of the chest and
together.measurement of the amount of oxygen in the blood
Swollen feet and legs, referred to medically ascan help confirm the diagnosis.
edema, occur when fluid is retained in the spacesHome Care
between body cells. Edema typically affects the feet,· Elevate your legs above your heart while lying
ankles and lower legs, but can also impact any areadown.
of the body, causing systemic symptoms.· Exercise your legs. This helps pump fluid from
Causesyour legs back to your heart.
Acute mountain sickness occurs from the· Wear support stockings (sold at most drug
combination of reduced air pressure and a lowerand medical supply stores).
concentration of oxygen at high altitude. SymptomsRelief and Prevention:
can range from mild to life threatening, and canThe hallmark of treatment is to reduce foot, leg and
affects the nervous system, lungs, muscles, andankle swelling, and the first line of defense: leg
heart.elevation. Elevate legs above the level of the heart,
In most cases the symptoms are mild. In severewhich puts minimal pressure on the backs of the
cases fluid collects in the lungs (pulmonary edema)knees and thighs and lower back. Just sitting in a
causing extreme shortness of breath, which furtherreclining chair in front of the TV is a great way to
reduces how much oxygen a person gets. Brainelevate your legs. Many products, for use at home or
swelling may also occur (cerebral edema). This canat work, can also help reduce swelling.
cause confusion, coma, and, if untreated, death.Treatment of edema focuses on correcting the
Symptomscause of the fluid accumulation. A low-salt diet usually
People with edema may notice that a ring on theirhelps. You also should avoid drinking too much fluid. If
finger feels tighter than in the past, or they mightyou are not short of breath, elevate your legs above
have difficulty in putting on shoes, especially towardthe level of your heart to keep swelling down. Your
the end of the day. They may also notice a puffinessdoctor might suggest that you take a low dose of a
of the face around the eyes, or in the feet, ankles,diuretic (water pill).
and legs. When edema is present, pressure on theFor swollen ankles and feet caused by pregnancy,
skin, such as from the elastic band on socks, mayelevate your legs and avoid lying on your back to
leave an indentation that is slow to disappear. Edemahelp improve blood flow and decrease swelling.
of the abdomen, called ascites, may be a sign of