Injury Review: Causes, Symptoms, and Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are caused by a blowUnited States alone. Of these 1.4 millions cases,
or jolt to the head or a penetrating head injury thatroughly 50,000 end in death, 235,000 are hospitalized,
disrupts the normal function of the brain. Not all blowsand 1.1 million are treated and released from the
or jolts to the head result in a traumatic brain injury.emergency department. The leading causes of
TBI symptoms can be mild, moderate, or severe,traumatic brain injuries are falls (28 percent), motor
depending on the extent of damage to the brain. Avehicle accidents (20 percent), struck by/against
mild TBI usually involves a brief change in mentalevents (19 percent) and assaults (11 percent).
status or consciousness while a severe TBI wouldTraumatic brain injuries often end in death or
mean an extended period of unconsciousness ordisability. The Center for Disease Control (CDC)
amnesia after the injury.estimates that 5.3 million Americans, approximately 2
Traumatic brain injuries can have different signs andpercent of the population, currently have difficulty
symptoms depending upon the severity of the injury.performing daily living activities as a result of a TBI. A
With mild TBI some symptoms include dizziness,TBI can cause a wide range of functional changes
vomiting, loss of consciousness for a few seconds orthat affect thinking, sensation, language, and/or
minutes, difficulty balancing, blurred vision, ringing inemotions. TBI patients can also develop epilepsy and
the ears, confusion, and trouble with memory orhave an increased risk for conditions such as
concentration. Any of these symptoms could also beAlzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and
found in moderate or severe TBI cases. Moderate orother brain disorders that become more prevalent
severe TBI patients may experience headaches thatwith age.
don’t go away, repeated vomiting, dilation in oneDirect and indirect costs such as loss of productivity
or both pupils, slurred speech, language problems,from a TBI were totaled at an estimated $60 billion in
weakness or numbness in the limbs, loss ofthe United States in 2000.
coordination, restlessness, and agitation. All of theseA traumatic brain injury can result from auto
symptoms are serious but may not show up foraccidents, medical malpractice, and many other
hours or even days and in some cases even weekscauses. If you believe someone's negligence was the
after the initial TBI.cause of your injury, consult a lawyer as soon as
Traumatic brain injuries are sustained bypossible to review your case.
approximately 1.4 million people each year in the