Meningitis – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Meningitis is a rare disease, our brains have what isless, death may occur in more than half of those
called a blood brain barrier that protects are brain forwho develop it, even with proper medical treatment.
contamination by the blood. However, someSymptoms
infections can trick the barrier, which then decreasesSymptoms of meningitis, which may appear suddenly,
its ability to work properly.often include high fever, severe and persistent
Meningitis is a viral. It's means the cause is infectionheadache, stiff neck, nausea, and vomiting. Changes
with a virus. Bacterial meningitis is quite rare but it canin behavior, such as confusion, sleepiness, and
be very serious and needs urgent treatment withdifficulty waking up, are important symptoms. In
antibiotics. It is a inflammation of the membranesinfants, symptoms of meningitis are often much less
surrounding the brain and spinal cord called thespecific and may include irritability or tiredness, poor
meninges. It is rarely occurs when an infection in thefeeding, and fever.
body spreads through the blood and into theHigh fever, headache, and stiff neck are common
cerebrospinal fluid. This fluid that cover the outside ofsymptoms of meningitis in anyone over the age of 2
the brain and spinal cord.years. These symptoms can develop over several
Meningitis is a serious medical problem because it ishours, or they may take 1 to 2 days. Other
difficult to treat. Blood flows into the brain from thesymptoms may include nausea, vomiting, discomfort
neck through a network of blood vessels. Thislooking into bright lights, confusion, and sleepiness. In
network contains special cells that prevent manynewborns and small infants, the classic symptoms of
chemicals from passing into the brain. This system isfever, headache, and neck stiffness may be absent
known as the blood-brain barrier. The blood-brainor difficult to detect, and the infant may only appear
barrier prevents harmful substances from getting intoslow or inactive, or be irritable, have vomiting, or be
the brain. The blood-brain barrier "knows" whichfeeding poorly. As the disease progresses, patients
substances the brain needs and which will damageof any age may have seizures.
brain cells.Treatment
Although bacterial and fungal meningitis requireIf meningitis is suspected, medical advice should be
extended hospitalization, meningitis caused by virusessought immediately. Because some of the early
can often be treated at home and has a muchsymptoms might be similar to other conditions, a high
better outcome.level of suspicion is required, especially with children.
Bacterial meningitisPrevention is better than cure! Effective vaccines are
The most serious form of meningitis, bacterialnow available against some types of meningitis.
meningitis, occurs in about 3,000-5,000 people in theIndividuals with bacterial meningitis are hospitalised
United States every year.and treated with antibiotics given directly into a vein,
Approximately 20%-25% of the time, even within order to achieve the rapid high blood and tissue
treatment, bacterial meningitis can be fatal. Iflevels of antibiotic that this life-threatening condition
bacterial meningitis progresses rapidly, in 24 hours orrequires.