What is neurosurgery?

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Neurosurgery is the surgical discipline focused on treating those central and peripheral nervous system diseases amenable to mechanical intervention. Neurological Surgery is a discipline of medicine and that specialty of surgery which provides the operative and nonoperative management (ie, prevention, diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, critical care, and rehabilitation) of disorders of the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems, including their supporting structures and vascular supply; the evaluation and treatment of pathological processes that modify the function or activity of the nervous system, including the hypophysis: and the operative and nonoperative management of pain. As such...

What are head injuries

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Head injury is a trauma to the head, that may or may not include injury to the brain (see also brain injury). The incidence (number of new cases) of head injury is 300 per 100,000 per year (0.3% of the population), with a mortality of 25 per 100,000 in North America and 9 per 100,000 in Britain. Head trauma is a common cause of childhood hospitalization. Causes Common causes of head injury are traffic accidents, home and occupational accidents, falls, and assaults. Bicycle accidents are also a common cause of head injury-related death and disability, especially among children. [1] Types of head injury Head injuries include both injuries to the brain and those to other parts of the head, such as...

Spinal disc herniation

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A spinal disc herniation, commonly called a "slipped disc", is a medical condition affecting the spine, in which a tear in the outer, fibrous ring (annulus fibrosus) of an intervertebral disc allows the soft, central portion (nucleus pulposus) to bulge out. It is normally a further development of a previously existing disc protrusion, a condition in which the outermost layers of the annulus fibrosus are still intact, but can bulge when the disc is under pressure. Terminology Some of the terms commonly used to describe the condition include herniated disc, prolapsed disc, ruptured disc, and the misleading expression "slipped disc." Other terms that are closely related include disc protrusion...

For unexplained reasons, autistic children show obsessions to particular objects, sometimes even a strange kind of attachment towards them, and act by repetitive senseless actions. Their repetitive behavior has been given more potential explanation; some scientists see it as an attempt to maintain stability in their own world, others say it is an essay to use their well developed functions or on the contrary to develop a lower function. This strange repetitive behavior also limits their imaginative play options. Normally developed children like to pretend they are someone else and give a toy many other uses. But autistics do not like to pretend or play with toys, they simply smell, analyze and...

You can't believe your luck. After dating what seemed to be an endless line of losers, you have finally found your own Mr. Right. He is special to you in so many ways and for so many reasons, and for that you want to show your affection by giving him a unique gift. There's only one problem: you don't have the slightest clue where to begin looking. Well, don't worry, because in this article we'll give you some sure-fire ideas to present your man with the perfect gift that is sure to leave the right impression. The most important thing to keep in mind when looking for a gift for your guy is his interests. By now, you should have a pretty good idea about the things he is passionate about. Is he a huge...

Copywriting: A Not-So-Easy Job To Pursue

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Advertisements are all over. You can view it on television squeezed in every other show. It is in papers strategically outlined, wherein ads are posted after the other. It is on glossy magazines almost domineering half of its content. Advertisements are also available over the radio or through the internet. Its availability to almost all types of media denotes that advertisements are part of life. It is present to give people ideas on what products to buy, on what establishments to go for and even what individuals to like. With advertisements being on the go these days, more and more companies seek for individuals who can make good advertisements. They are called copywriters. Copywriting is their...

Teaching your puppy obedience lessons is very advantageous compared to grown-up dogs. It is because the learning capabilities on how a puppy responds to its environment are not yet completely developed. This implies that you need to discipline and teach your puppy with the proper behavior and training right from the very start. It would be easier due to the fact that a puppy has not yet acquired a behavioral history. If you are going to teach your puppy with obedience lessons, see to it that you know how to overcome the complexities. It is like parenting where in you also spend same care and affection given to newborn babies. Puppies are like humans wherein they can be bred, taught and disciplined...

The autistic disorder is a life lasting neurological disorder involving also the childhood disintegrative disorder, Asperger disorder, Rett disorder and the pervasive development disorder. Autism is registered as one of the five pervasive development disorders and is usually diagnosed around the age of three. The most important pathological changes caused by autism are communication difficulties, impaired social interaction and restrictive activities; children with autism have generally repetitive activities and interests and most of the other actions specific to children their age represent no real interest to them. Children suffering from autism are more susceptive to developing epilepsy...

How To Determine If Your Child Has Autism

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Recent studies, which have been a major topic on TV shows such as Good Morning America and the Today Show, that autism is more prevalent than was previously thought. One estimate indicated that approximately 1 in every 150 children have autism to some degree, and the majority of those are undiagnosed. You need to be aware that autism, also known as Autistic Spectrum Disorder, and the milder form of it, Asperger's Syndrome, is not necessarily limited to children. This can affect people of any age, and many older people who have been diagnosed with autism have had the affliction since they were children, but were simply never diagnosed with it. People who are afflicted with autism show definite...

A proper die is a very important thing in controlling the symptoms of diabetes. Taking in consideration the fact that eating disorders are some of the causes of diabetes, every one should know that a healthy diet is required if there is a chance of prevention or one of curing or maintaining the illness under control. In the case of patients of diabetes it is very important to have a balanced diet and way of life in order to keep the glucose levels in the body at a safe and normal state. This also helps a lot with the prevention of heart and blood vessels disease, witch in some cases has led to very bad consequences like blinding and even amputation of severely affected limbs. Doctors and dieticians...

Diagnosing schizophrenia is quite a complicated procedure involving a lot of spent time observing the person's actions and way of thinking. That person may start developing different symptoms like anxiety, confusion and starting to be suspicious on other people, mostly those that don't agree with their view of things around; they may even refuse to admit the fact that they need help. Doctors have to put a correct diagnose so they will look for both positive and negative symptoms; strange thinking, hallucinations and delusions are positive signs and apathy, emotional flatness, inability to concentrate, wanting to avoid people or to be protected are negative symptoms. Strange thinking is also a...

Critical Illness Insurance. How Critical Can You Get?

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There's a new critical illness policy on the market which attempts to go some way with regard to sorting out the perplexity regarding exactly what is, and is not, covered when it comes to claiming on the policy. Traditional critical illness policies tend to cover up to 35 listed medical conditions. Policyholders could become seriously ill with a condition that doesn't fall into the scope of the policy and find that their illness is not covered, whilst others may be diagnosed with a listed illness with a lower "grading" which is relatively easily treated, for which they get a full payout. Because of this inequality, the Financial Services Authority is uneasy with regard to insurers failing to fully...

simple tools for brain surgery

The right brain controls the left side of the body and the left brain controls the right side of the body. The right brain is the more creative or emotional hemisphere and the left brain is the analytical and judgmental hemisphere. Anything that is new or not familiar to an individual is right brain dominant. Anything that is familiar is left brain dominant. Along with right and left brain there are different parts of the brain. The frontal lobe controls your personality, the temporal lobe deals with short and long term memory, the parietal lobe is the lobe of the hand, and the occipital lobe, the very back part of the head, controls vision. There are specific activities that may stimulate the...

simple tools for brain surgery

Pain is a normal aspect of life that actually sometimes shows us how very much alive we are. Pain is all so present in the cases of chronic ill patients suffering from different syndromes. In their cases pain is almost definitely felt in grater quantities than in the rest of us. For persons suffering from fibromylagia pain is a very distressing fact of their lives and can cause a lot o f problems in the simple day to day life. In their case knowing and learning how to live with pain is a very normal aspect of life. Living with pain for such long amount of times and experiencing different amounts of pain, people have actually come up with a chart of the levels of pain that one can reach. This way...

Golf analysts have embraced the goal to Make Sports Safer (and maybe sell a bunch of specialized safety equipment in the process). The most common golf injury reported to the emergency rooms across the country is from the ball or the club actually impacting the face or head. This finding led to a study by Janda reported in Golf Digest magazine in which an automobile crash dummy took a vacation at the golf course. Using a golf ball machine to propel the ball, the dummy was hit in the head, chest and arm. Then computer equipment recorded the impact data from the dummy's load cells to determine the extent of the golf injury. Janda found that most of the simulated injuries could be serious or fatal...

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory neurological disease which generates a wide symptomatic spectrum. Multiple sclerosis primarily affects the central nervous system, interfering with the normal activity of the nervous cells. Multiple sclerosis involves deterioration of the neurons' myelin, a very important substance that facilitates the transmission of nervous signals between nervous cells. If myelin is affected, the connections between neurons are compromised and the body fails to respond promptly to external stimuli. Multiple sclerosis can cause various dysfunctions in different regions of the body, causing a wide range of physical, neurological and psychological manifestations. The...

I'm the first to admire the strengths and virtues of the free-enterprise model as it applies to drug development and sales. This model encourages drug companies to employ talented people and to take risks in developing new drugs for serious medical problems. But let's face it, current practices also produce undesirable effects.1. When their drug that was wonderful last month is suddenly no good.It's been entertaining to watch the drug companies suddenly come up with new, patentable variations of their drugs just when their old patents are expiring. For example, since the 1970s, the Abbott company has been doing a dance with different formulations of valproic acid (used for seizures, migraines and...

Dog Training - Teaching Your Puppy Not to Jump or Bite

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You finally have your adorable, cuddly new puppy. You are happy to have him and he is happy to have a family. But wait - it's just the beginning. There are 2 behaviors you need to deal with almost immediately - jumping on people and biting.Jumping on peopleThis is a problem that you or others might inadvertently encourage. He is so little and cute, that little tail is wagging and, after all, isn't socialization and getting used to people important? Of course socialization and getting used to people is crucial but allowing him to jump on people isn't the way to do it.Imagine your cute, little puppy as a full grown 80 - 100 pound dog. Will it be so cute when he jumps on people then? No and it...

If women make up a significant portion of your target market, one of the simplest - and most overlooked - ways to make it easy for them to choose your product is to keep in mind this one characteristic that is common among virtually all female consumers… When deciding whether or not to purchase a product or service, virtually all women stop to consider what effect their purchase will have on those around them. Always remember when you're marketing to women, that women are inclusive. Whether husbands, parents, sisters, children, friends, bosses and virtually everyone else in their inner circle realize it or not, women think about them as part of the pre-purchase process. In their book Don't...

Right Brain Left Brain

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The concept of "right brain left brain" refers to the two hemispheres of your brain. Some amazing experiments involving people who've had the corpus callosum cut taught us most of what we know about the differences between the two sides. The surgery is performed on epileptics to reduce the incidence of seizures, and it isolates most of the right hemisphere from the left hemisphere.For a typical experiment, a divider allows a participant to see two objects - say, a cup with the right eye and a lemon with the left. When asked what they see, they'll say they see a cup, and nothing more, because most people process both language and information from the right eye with their left brain (left hemisphere...

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Unfortunately, arthritis in dogs is about as common as it is in people. It may range from mild to moderate or severe. If your dog is overweight, the extra pressure on joints can exacerbate the problem. And, as with humans, there may be joint cartilage damage.Fortunately there are some dog arthritis medications, both over-the-counter and prescriptions, as well as nutritional supplements, that can help make your dog feel better. There are also some physical aids that can assist your arthritic pet in getting around.Common Signs of Arthritis in DogsYou dog may experience one or more of the following symptoms: Difficulty in getting up Limping, especially after exercise Walking slower than normal or...

Teaching your dog to heel is one of the most basic and important dog training commands you can teach...

Do you know autism affects male children four times more than female children? The characteristic feature of autism in children includes non-verbal and impaired verbal communication. In addition to this the autism in children creates imaginative social interaction and activity. Infantile autism in children develops at about 30 months of age. Autism in children is a condition in which they find it difficult to build normal relationships with others. This can easily be diagnosed by disturbances normal characteristic behaviors.It has been found that autism in children is occurring at a rate of 4 in 10,000 children. Moreover, autism in children is considered a lifelong disease. The occurrence of the...

Montel Williams called it an insidious disease. Richard Pryor passed away with its complications, and Michael Wellford, when diagnosed, just said "I'm NOT having it!"Multiple Sclerosis or MS is a slow progressing disorder and then disease that drains its owners of energy and then life functioning abilities. Multiple Sclerosis symptoms, like a shadow, are always there, even in remission, and ever present in its ultimate progression.When you receive notification that you need to be tested for multiple sclerosis symptoms, your mind definitely has something to deal with. There are so many "what ifs" to consider, and an entire new future to contemplate that is mind-boggling. Even the strongest...

Pat Robertson on Ariel Sharon's stroke: God's Punishment?

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Unreasonable comment? According to televangelist Pat Robertson, Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's near-fatal stroke might well be God's punishment for dividing up God's land. According to the book of Joel, Robertson says, God is jealous for His land. In reaction, officials in Israel have announced that they are refusing for Robertson to be involved in purchasing land to build a Christian tourist center in Galilee. Robertson has sent a letter of apology for his remark, but it is doubtful that he will be allowed back into the business deal.Certainly God is able to punish whom He wills; He has definitely done so in the past, time and again. Look, for instance, at the case of Uzziah, whom God...

Winning Stocks

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Winning Stocks - How To Pick A Winner Don't know anything about stocks, is that what you said? Well, you may be a beginner investing in the stock market, but you probably know a lot more about stocks and the companies behind them than you think. Do you own a computer? You probably know something about the company that makes it based on your experience. Drive a car? Buy your pizzas from a particular chain? Do you use soap? If not, we don't want to know, but the point of this is clear; the things that you use as a consumer gives you a list of potential companies for investments. A significant part of picking a winning stock is knowing the company and its products where you will be investing. Picking a...

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If you're a manager working in a business that wants to become successful in the 21st century, then you need to embrace the 8 archetypal roles of the New-Age Manager.1. Prophet. The new-age manager stands out from others by their ability to see possibilities that others don't see. He or she doesn't just have a goal for the team to reach, but a vision of something exciting and unique. "Some people see things as they are and ask "Why?" I see things that are not and never were and ask "Why not?"." (George Bernard Shaw)2. Partner. The days when the manager was someone who stood above the workforce or lived in a separate part of the business have long gone. Today, the manager is a key player in the team...

Alzheimer's Disease is the most common dementia type with over 50% of cases reported. Dementia types will share common themes but each one does have slightly different factors that effect the brain.Dementia types includeAIDS related dementia Alcohol related dementiaAlzheimer's disease, has two forms: Familial Alzheimer's Disease (FAD), also known as Early Onset Alzheimer's or Younger Onset Alzheimer's. Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease, also known as Late Onset Alzheimer's.Dementia with Lewy bodies: this dementia type is very similar to Alzheimer's disease.Down syndrome: Some Research has established a link between Down syndrome and Alzheimer%u2019s disease.Frontal lobe dementia, including Pick's...

What On Earth Is Holistic Dog Care?

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In recent years there has been an amazing rise in the number of dog owners interested in holistic dog care. They share a concern about the amount of chemicals used in conventional treatments. Many believe that an over-dependence on conventional medicine can even be harmful, leading to different types of dog allergy and nasty conditions'Holistic dog care' is a term that we hear often, but many people admit to being unsure about what it really means.Okay, let's put that right!'Holistic' comes from the Greek-based word 'holism', and when applied to medicine (for animals as well as humans!) it means treating the whole 'entity' (body and mind) and not just the symptoms of disease.Your dog...

Brain MRIs

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain uses a magnetic field, radio waves and a computer to create a detailed image of the complex structure of brain tissues. For a Brain MRI, the head is scanned with the help of an MRI machine. A Brain MRI gives a clear and detailed cross sectional image of the brain area giving a three-dimensional depiction of the brain. These cross sectional images can be projected and stored in a computer or printed on a film. Since Brain MRIs produce better soft tissue images than X-ray reports and can distinguish between the grey matter and the white matter of the brain, they help in locating defects in the brain tissues like, tumors, pituitary masses, radiation damage...

Do You Have Seasonal Affective Disorder?

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Just like fibromylagia,and ADD (attention deficit disorder), Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a hard to diagnose and easily disregarded or overlooked condition or form of depression. Some people get the winter blues. Some just feel sluggish and have a hard time getting out of bed in the morning. But, for some it is a serious, almost debilitating disorder. For some it can lead to an actual diagnosis for depression.For some it is just a mild, temporary feeling of helplessness - a very minor form of depression. For others it can be very serious. As evidenced in many studies, 1 out of every 10 people have some manifestation of SAD. And just like with regular depression, there have been cases...

Montel Williams called it an insidious disease. Richard Pryor passed away with its complications, and Michael Wellford, when diagnosed, just said "I'm NOT having it!"Multiple Sclerosis or MS is a slow progressing disorder and then disease that drains its owners of energy and then life functioning abilities. Multiple Sclerosis symptoms, like a shadow, are always there, even in remission, and ever present in its ultimate progression.When you receive notification that you need to be tested for multiple sclerosis symptoms, your mind definitely has something to deal with. There are so many "what ifs" to consider, and an entire new future to contemplate that is mind-boggling. Even the strongest...

Montel Williams called it an insidious disease. Richard Pryor passed away with its complications, and Michael Wellford, when diagnosed, just said "I'm NOT having it!"Multiple Sclerosis or MS is a slow progressing disorder and then disease that drains its owners of energy and then life functioning abilities. Multiple Sclerosis symptoms, like a shadow, are always there, even in remission, and ever present in its ultimate progression.When you receive notification that you need to be tested for multiple sclerosis symptoms, your mind definitely has something to deal with. There are so many "what ifs" to consider, and an entire new future to contemplate that is mind-boggling. Even the strongest...

Dental surgery involves any type of surgery dealing with the teeth and gums-it can include extraction (pulling teeth,) gum procedures, root canals and cosmetic surgery. In order to be qualified and trained to perform this type of surgery a dentist must go beyond the accredited dental school training and state licensing to get more specialized coursework and then be certified by a professional board in their particular specialty-like dental surgery or orthodontics. If you are considering this type of surgery, whether for cosmetic or health reasons, you should have a basic understanding of the procedures and what is involved...

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How many times have you tried to diet/lose weight in the past?How many times have you had some initial success only to fall short of your goals?How many times have you achieved your initial goals, only to see them fly away faster than you were able to enjoy the fruits of your labour?Why does this happen?In most cases, the answer is simple. You've failed one test... This is a difficult test. This test I like to call consistent persistence.Sometimes, you will be missing other essential components. You need to also include a variety of other things that will make the consistent persistence useful. If you are consistently persistent in doing the wrong things, you will still fail. So before we...

Cell Phone Radiation, Senility and Brain Cancer

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An entire generation of teenagers may become senile or have brain cancer at the peak of their lives due to cellular phone usage and other wireless technologies.These are the findings of the study published in Environmental Health Perspectives. The study, based on intensive use of cellular phones, may cause apprehension in Western countries because it reveals new ways in which microwaves can affect our health.Leif Salford, the researcher who led the study that was conducted at Lund University in Sweden, claims that the fact that we voluntarily expose our brain to cell phone radiation is ?the largest biological experiment in the history of the world.? Professor Salford fears that as the wireless...

Fasting and asceticism are essential practices in Javanese Kejawen and shamanism--especially Indonesian shamanism. Most of the unusual and unique powers acquired in Indonesian occultism are dependent upon the mastery of these disciplines with their many forms and variations. Another important factor that must not be overlooked in the acquisition of these occult powers is the knowledge of the correct timing such as the proper month and day which magickal rites and disciplines are to be commenced, and this is intrinsically linked with the Javanese calender; this however, will not be dealt with in this article for it is beyond its scope. We will mainly focus on the many variations of fasting and the...

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Introduction The shoulder is a fascinating joint. It allows us to manipulate objects in an infinite number of directions at various speeds. The shoulder is the most mobile joint in the body and provides many degrees of motion. This freedom of motion allows us to reach high and low, far and near for objects in space. The large amount of shoulder mobility does not come without a price. Increase in shoulder or (Glenohumeral Joint) mobility leads to a decrease in the stability of the joint. When a joint is unstable, it is more likely to suffer an injury. The most common injury to the shoulder is from a repetitive movement on an unstable joint. This movement can vary from typing at a computer with...

Parenting: 5 Ways to Show Love to Your Children

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1. Spend time with your kids. We spell love L-O-V-E. Children and teens spell it T-I-M-E. The myth that the quality of time is more important than the quantity of time spent with children is just that - a myth.We would not buy this lie if a surgeon told us, "I was not able to spend as much time as I would have liked on your surgery, but the few moments I did spend was really quality time."We want both quantity and quality. So do our kids. I've worked with many people who have provided everything for their children except themselves. How nice and big your house looks from the outside is much less important to your kids than how it feels to be on the inside of your home.One of the best ways to spend...

Montel Williams called it an insidious disease. Richard Pryor passed away with its complications, and Michael Wellford, when diagnosed, just said "I'm NOT having it!"Multiple Sclerosis or MS is a slow progressing disorder and then disease that drains its owners of energy and then life functioning abilities. Multiple Sclerosis symptoms, like a shadow, are always there, even in remission, and ever present in its ultimate progression.When you receive notification that you need to be tested for multiple sclerosis symptoms, your mind definitely has something to deal with. There are so many "what ifs" to consider, and an entire new future to contemplate that is mind-boggling. Even the strongest...

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Suffer From Chronic PainEach year tens of millions of Americans suffer from persistent pain known as chronic pain. Individuals with chronic pain are less able to function in daily life than those who do not suffer from chronic pain.Chronic pain patients suffer from poor sleep quality and depressed mood rather than pain intensity, duration, or anxiety. Clinical Implications Chronic pain patients suffer from poorer quality of sleep than do healthy control subjects. Many people suffer chronic pain in the absence of any past injury or evidence of illness. Although more than one in five Americans live with chronic pain, women are more likely to suffer from chronic pain conditions than men. If you or a...

Biomechanical Wobble

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Wobbly is not good for you. Wobbly is instability and inefficiency. Injuries will occur where you are most vulnerable to your wobble.The arch is a space and regardless of how big or small that space you have within it pronation, excessive pronation (AKA-hypermobility), over-pronation, hyper-pronation and supination motions.The more the arch space compresses/falls during pronation (whether you are high arched or flat footed), the more the rest of the foot up to the low back becomes bio-mechanically wobbly. This is natural bio-mechanical weakness that comes from over pronation and produces the wear and tear eventually seen as plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendonitis, knee, ITB, hip/low back pain...

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

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People who do repetitive tasks - housewives, secretaries, meat cutters, assembly line workers, carpenters, musicians, computer users and others - may be more likely to develop carpal tunnel syndrome. Fractures, falls on the hand, and poorly designed vibrating hand tools may also damage the palm of the hand and cause carpal tunnel syndrome. Other causes are rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis, Paget's bone disease, multiple myeloma, acromegaly and gout.Your carpal (wrist) bones form a tunnel-like structure - the carpal tunnel - through which pass nine tendons and one nerve - the medical nerve. Carpal tunnel syndrome (also called occupational neuritis, partial thenar atrophy and median neuritis...

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Most people are familiar with Botox. Many of us have seen the footage on television showing a doctor injecting this clear wonder solution into the facial skin of some patient searching for the lost fountain of youth. But did you know that Botox has also moved into the arena of helping people solve some more mainstream problems such as strokes, cerebral palsy and migraines? In the past year or so, much research and experimentation has shown that this wrinkle cure is also useful in helping people with more serious medical problems.Botox is derived from the same botulin toxin that is found in spoiled foods. A sterile and purified version of this toxin, known as Botulinum toxin type A, is what doctors...

Ankle Sprains - A Physical Therapists Perspective

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Introduction Sprained ankles are one of the leading causes of athletes to miss games during the season. Many times they are taped up & rushed back to the field without proper rehabilitation. More often than not, the ankle gets re-injured or worse, they end up with a knee, hip or low back injury. These injuries can be prevented by providing the proper healing time and rehabilitation. The same premise holds true for non-athletes. I have worked with a number of patients that have had multiple ankle sprains that were never given the opportunity to fully rehabilitate. The most common complaint is that their ankle turns over at any time without warning. All it takes is a slight bend in the pavement...

Dog Training: Teaching Your Dog to Sit On Command

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Besides the excitement of getting a puppy, one of the most challenging parts of dog ownership is teaching the dog to be obedient and establishing yourself as the dominant one in the dog-owner relationship. One of the basic obedience training points relevant in this regard is teaching your dog to sit on command.As with every other dog training procedure, it is important to note that dogs are not humans and thus do not share your language or pattern of communication. It is important to bear this in mind, so that you will appreciate the essence of patience. For any reasonable results with dog training, it is important to be patient and repetitive with the training. Repetitions enable your dog to...

CT and MRI Scans in Neurological Practice: A Quick Overview

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Before computed tomographic (CT) scans became available in the 1970s, there was no good method for imaging the brain. The available methods and technologies struck around the target without quite hitting the bull's-eye.We had skull x-rays which imaged the bony brain-case, but not the brain itself. We had arteriograms which imaged the insides of blood-vessels supplying the brain. We had nuclear brain scans which imaged chunks of brain that were recently damaged...

Plantar fasciitis is an inflammation of the plantar fascia, a tough fibrous band of tissue that runs from the heel bone to the base of the toes. Excessive stretching of plantar fascia through physical activities like running and jumping or from natural causes such as flat feet, high arches or overpronation (feet rolling in or flattening) leads to the development of tears in the plantar fascia. These tears in the plantar fascia result in symptoms of pain and inflammation.The main symptom of plantar fasciitis is the feeling of acute pain in the inner side of the heel. If an intense pain is felt in the heel on taking the first few steps in the morning, then it is most likely a case of plantar fasciitis...

The rotator cuff muscles hold the head of the long bone of your upper arm tightly in the socket of your shoulder. Sports that require moving the arm over the head repeatedly can cause tearing and swelling of the tendons of these muscles. Baseball pitchers, swimmers, weight lifters and tennis players often suffer this injury. Chronic irritation can cause pain, swelling and tearing of the rotator cuff. If you continue to exercise in spite of the pain, you will tear the tendons from their attachments.Initially, pain occurs only when you hold your arm over your head and bring it down or forward forcibly. Later, it will hurt when the arm is moved forward for any reason, such as to shake hands. Usually...

Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Survival Rate

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Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma is a lethal cancer that starts in the lining of the lungs. The main cause is believed to be unprotected contact with asbestos. Every year about 3000 new cases of this disease are reported in the United States. It is estimated that over the past fifty years nearly eight million people have been exposed to asbestos and that 300,000 new cases would be reported by the year 2030. The peak may be around 2020 and thereafter the incidence is likely to taper down because of the preventive measures that are being taken.Like in all cases of cancer, early detection and appropriate treatment improve the survival rate. On both counts the pleural mesothelioma patients are at a...

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Surgical castration by orchidectomySurgical castration is the simplest and cheapest way to treat metastatic prostate cancer. The obvious disadvantage is the psychological effect of the loss of the testicles.LHRH-analoguesLHRH-analogues and oestrogen achieve a "medical castration" by stopping the testicular production of testosterone. LHRH-analogues are injections that have to be given monthly or three monthly for the rest of the patient's life. They are effective but very expensive.OestrogenOestrogen can be taken orally on a daily basis. It has a high incidence of thrombotic complications such as stroke and myocardial infarction.Anti-androgensAnti-androgens oppose the action of testosterone by...